案例信息

标题：索证神经退行性疾病的微塑料病因——基于内质网错误折叠蛋白毒性机制的研究案例

【专业学位类别】公共卫生

【专业领域/方向】卫生毒理学

【作者】林忠宁

【单位】厦门大学公共卫生学院

【关键词】纳米塑料、神经退行性疾病

【适用课程】毒理学教程、现代实验预防医学

【版权说明】仅用于教学目的

【案例摘要】

塑料聚合物是世界上最广泛使用的材料之一，环境中的塑料聚合物降解为微塑料颗粒或纳米塑料后可经食物链进入人体。中枢神经系统已被确定为纳米塑料毒性作用的重要靶标，体内外研究证据显示纳米塑料暴露会增加多种神经退行性疾病的发生风险，但其潜在的生物机制并不清楚。蛋白质的错误折叠、聚集和积累是神经退行性疾病发生的标志性事件，尽管不同的神经退行性疾病中涉及不同的蛋白质，但蛋白质错误折叠和聚集的过程非常相似。这对于理解纳米塑料诱导的神经退行性疾病的发生机制以及探索可干预的预防治疗靶点具有重要的现实意义。本案例基于纳米塑料介绍环境污染物的神经系统安全评价内容，利用传统和前沿的毒理学研究方法从生物体的多维度探索了神经退行性疾病的致病机制。使学生了解毒性安全性评价内容，学习利用毒理学研究手段设计实验方案，解析毒理学相关公共卫生问题。

Title: A case study based on the toxicity mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum misfolded protein

Professional Degree Category: Master of Public Health

Specialized fields: Health Toxicology

Author: Zhong-Ning Lin

Affiliation: School of Public Health, Xiamen University

Key words: Nanoplastics, Neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Plastic polymers are one of the most widely used materials in the world. When plastic polymers degrade in the environment, they break down into microplastic particles or nanoparticles, which can enter the human body through the food chain. The central nervous system has been identified as a critical target for the toxic effects of nanoplastics. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that exposure to nanoplastics increases the risk of various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. Misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation of proteins are hallmark events in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. While different neurodegenerative diseases involve different proteins, the processes of protein misfolding and aggregation are remarkably similar. This is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases induced by nanoplastics and exploring potential intervention targets for prevention and treatment. This case introduces the neurotoxicological assessment of environmental pollutants based on nanoplastics. It utilizes both traditional and cutting-edge toxicological research methods to explore the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases from multiple dimensions of the organism. This allows students to understand the content of toxicological safety assessment, learn how to design experimental protocols using toxicological research methods, and analyze public health issues related to toxicology.

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