案例信息

标题：“学以致用，革故鼎新”——重金属镉毒性的新型毒理学评价体系与防制案例

【专业学位类别】公共卫生

【专业领域/方向】卫生毒理学

【作者】林忠宁

【单位】厦门大学公共卫生学院

【关键词】 镉、暴露、效应、毒理学评价

【适用课程】毒理学教程、现代实验预防医学

【版权说明】仅用于教学目的

【案例摘要】

重金属镉污染及环境暴露可致全身多脏器损伤，如日本富山县神通川河镉污染引起的“痛痛病”，以骨骼软化、身体萎缩、易骨折为显著特点，其机理在于镉经由抑制维生素D活性妨碍钙、磷在骨质中的沉积，诱发骨质软化。目前体内蓄积的镉尚无安全有效的排除方法，且尚无特效治疗方法治疗痛痛病等慢性镉中毒引起的机体损伤，因而早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗是防治的关键。现有镉中毒判断主要以血镉、尿镉、肾功能、骨密度和临床症状观察为主，缺乏早期大面积、大范围筛查的特异分子靶标，无法快速完成环境暴露和毒效应分析，阻碍高效防治策略的提出。本案例以广西大新县镉污染事件始末、调查、政府干预为切入点，引入镉暴露的环境来源、迁移和体内毒作用机制，结合新型高通量检测手段，联合新技术、新方法筛查毒作用分子靶标，为毒物暴露靶向干预和防治提供新的线索，开拓学生科研视野，牢记心怀天下的公卫精神。

Title: "Learn and practice, reform and innovate"-- New toxicological evaluation system and prevention cases of heavy metal cadmium toxicity

Professional Degree Category: Master of Public health

Specialized fields: Health Toxicology

Author: Zhong-Ning Lin

Affiliation: School of Public Health, Xiamen University

Key words: Cadmium, exposure, effects, toxicological evaluation

Applicable Course: Toxicology

Abstract

Heavy metal cadmium pollution and environmental exposure can cause multiple organ damage in the whole body. For example, the "itai-itai disease" caused by cadmium pollution in the Jinzu River, Toyama Prefecture, Japan, was characterized by osteomalacia, atrophy and fracture. The mechanism is that cadmium inhibits the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the bone by inhibiting the activity of vitamin D, and induces osteomalacia. For now, there is no safe and effective method to eliminate cadmium accumulated in the body, and there is no specific treatment method to treat the body damage caused by chronic cadmium poisoning, such as itai-itai disease. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the key to prevention and treatment. The current judgment of cadmium poisoning mainly focuses on the observation of blood cadmium, urine cadmium, renal function, bone density and clinical symptoms. There is a lack of specific molecular targets for early large-scale screening, and it is unable to quickly analyze the environmental exposure and toxic effect, which hinders the proposal of efficient prevention and treatment strategies. This case takes the beginning and end of the cadmium pollution event, containing government intervention and investigation, in Daxin County, Guangxi, introduces the environmental source, migration, and toxic mechanism of cadmium exposure, combing new high-throughput detection methods, new technologies, and methods to screen molecular targets for toxic effects, providing new clues for targeted intervention and prevention of toxic exposure. Meanwhile opening students' scientific research vision and keep in mind the public health spirit.

【案例正文】

【案例说明书】